{"id":5142,"date":"2023-03-02T08:41:35","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T07:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/?p=5142"},"modified":"2023-03-02T13:17:30","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T12:17:30","slug":"macskovics-titusz-barometere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/?p=5142&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"Macskovics Titusz Barom\u00e9tere"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A Szabadkai V\u00e1rosi M\u00fazeum m\u0171v\u00e9szeti gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny\u00e9nek r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pez\u0151, h\u0151m\u00e9r\u0151vel ell\u00e1tott barom\u00e9ter a 19. sz\u00e1zad m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9b\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 bels\u0151 berendez\u00e9si t\u00e1rgyak gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny\u00e9be is sorolhat\u00f3. A mell\u00e9kelt, a historizmus st\u00edlus\u00e1t id\u00e9z\u0151 meteorol\u00f3giai m\u0171szer\u00a0 Macskovics Titusz (Szabadka, 1851 \u2013 Szabadka, 1919), a szabadkai \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szet t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek kiemelked\u0151 k\u00e9pvisel\u0151j\u00e9nek  tulajdon\u00e1t k\u00e9pezte. A 62 cm magas, falra akaszthat\u00f3 t\u00e1rgy 2009-ben ker\u00fclt v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s \u00fatj\u00e1n a m\u00fazeumba, \u00e9s tavaly \u00f3ta l\u00e1that\u00f3 a szabadkai m\u00fazeum <em>Historizmus Szabadk\u00e1n<\/em> c\u00edm\u0171 ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1n. Itt, Macskovics barom\u00e9tere mellett, a neves szabadkai \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szhez \u00e9s csal\u00e1dj\u00e1hoz k\u00f6t\u0151d\u0151 t\u00f6bb m\u00e1s historiz\u00e1l\u00f3 t\u00e1rgy is megtekinthet\u0151: egy kakukkos \u00f3ra, a Macskovics gyermekek k\u00e9t n\u00e9met nyelv\u0171 mes\u00e9sk\u00f6nyve, egy III. Nap\u00f3leon st\u00edlus\u00fa kis szekr\u00e9ny, valamint Macskovics keze \u00e1ltal 1871-ben festett akvarell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Macskovics Titusz Z\u00fcrichben, Aachenben \u00e9s B\u00e9csben tanult \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szetet, s tanulm\u00e1nyutakat tett N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gban, Franciaorsz\u00e1gban, Sv\u00e1jcban, Angli\u00e1ban, Belgiumban, Hollandi\u00e1ban \u00e9s Olaszorsz\u00e1gban. 1869-t\u0151l kezd\u0151d\u0151 tanulm\u00e1nyainak, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen z\u00fcrichi tan\u00e1ra, a neorenesz\u00e1nsz hirdet\u0151je \u00e9s terjeszt\u0151je, Gottfried Semper n\u00e9met \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9sz hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra a historiz\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szet j\u00f3 ismer\u0151je \u00e9s tervez\u0151je lett. Kisebb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben szecesszi\u00f3s st\u00edlusban is tervezett. K\u00e9t alkalommal is volt Szabadka v\u00e1rosi f\u0151m\u00e9rn\u00f6ke (1878\u20131879, 1884\u20131890). A 19. sz\u00e1zad m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9t\u0151l mintegy 400 \u00e9p\u00fclettervet val\u00f3s\u00edtott meg (h\u00e1zak, b\u00e9rpalot\u00e1k, vill\u00e1k, iskol\u00e1k, gy\u00e1rak, v\u00e1g\u00f3h\u00edd, templomok stb.), amelyek meghat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k Szabadka alapprofilj\u00e1t. P\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt eml\u00edthetj\u00fck Mamuzsics L\u00e1z\u00e1r polg\u00e1rmester neorenesz\u00e1nsz st\u00edlus\u00fa h\u00e1z\u00e1t, Bir\u00f3 K\u00e1roly polg\u00e1rmester neog\u00f3tikus st\u00edlus\u00fa h\u00e1z\u00e1t, a mai k\u00f6zponti posta \u00e9p\u00fclet\u00e9t, a valamikori V\u00f6r\u00f6s \u00d6k\u00f6r \u2013 ma Ivan Goran Kova\u010di\u0107 \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos iskola \u00e9p\u00fclet\u00e9t, valamint a szabadkaiak \u00e1ltal S\u00e1rga H\u00e1zk\u00e9nt ismert \u2013 ma Magyar Tannyelv\u0171 Tan\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9pz\u0151 Kar \u2013 monument\u00e1lis neorenesz\u00e1nsz \u00e9p\u00fcletet. Az \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9sz, a mai Radi\u0107 fiv\u00e9rek utca 4. sz\u00e1m alatti, lak\u00f3h\u00e1z\u00e1nak homlokzat\u00e1n a neobarokk st\u00edlust alkalmazta (1892). Feles\u00e9g\u00e9vel, Manojlovics Katink\u00e1val, hat gyermeket nevelt fel. V\u00e1llalkoz\u00f3k\u00e9nt is sz\u00e1mon tartjuk, t\u00e9glagy\u00e1r\u00e1t ma is Macskovics t\u00e9glagy\u00e1rak\u00e9nt emlegetj\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A barom\u00e9ter feltal\u00e1l\u00f3j\u00e1nak Evangelista Torricellit, Galileo Galilei olasz tud\u00f3s asszisztens\u00e9t tartj\u00e1k. Galilei vette \u00e9szre, hogy a leveg\u0151nek s\u00falya van, Torricelli pedig 1644 k\u00f6r\u00fcl hat\u00e1rozta meg a l\u00e9gk\u00f6ri leveg\u0151 s\u00faly\u00e1t vagy a l\u00e9gnyom\u00e1st. Maga a barom\u00e9ter kifejez\u00e9st 1665\/1666. Robert Boyle \u00edr term\u00e9szettud\u00f3s vezette be. Macskovics Titusz barom\u00e9tere nem higanyt haszn\u00e1l, hanem f\u00e9m t\u00edpus\u00fa barom\u00e9ter: bronz alkatr\u00e9szei kit\u00e1gulnak, ha a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 nyom\u00e1s alacsonyabb, \u00e9s \u00f6sszeh\u00faz\u00f3dnak, ha a nyom\u00e1s magasabb. A v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat k\u00f6vetik a sz\u00e1mlapon l\u00e9v\u0151 mutat\u00f3k. Ezt a fajta barom\u00e9tert aneroidnak nevezz\u00fck. A barom\u00e9ter felett, a fa tok fels\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 egy h\u0151m\u00e9r\u0151, amely k\u00e9t sk\u00e1l\u00e1n \u2013 R\u00e9aumur- \u00e9s Celsius-sk\u00e1l\u00e1n \u2013 mutatja a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletet. A R\u00e9aumur-f\u00e9le h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleti sk\u00e1la nev\u00e9t Ren\u00e9 Antoine Ferchault de R\u00e9aumurr\u00f3l kapta, aki 1730-ban hozta l\u00e9tre azt.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A h\u0151m\u00e9r\u0151vel ell\u00e1tott barom\u00e9ter architekt\u00f3nikus hosszanti fa tokj\u00e1nak egyes d\u00edsz\u00edt\u0151elemei faesztergag\u00e9ppel k\u00e9sz\u00fcltek. Az els\u0151 esztergag\u00e9peket az \u00f3kor \u00f3ta ismert\u00e9k \u2013 a g\u00f6r\u00f6g mitol\u00f3gia szerint ezt a munkaeszk\u00f6zt Daedalus, Ikarosz apja tal\u00e1lta fel. A 18. sz\u00e1zad k\u00f6zep\u00e9n kezdt\u00e9k el haszn\u00e1lni a mechanikus al\u00e1t\u00e1maszt\u00e1s\u00fa esztergag\u00e9peket, a 19. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9n ker\u00fclt haszn\u00e1latba a modern, hagyom\u00e1nyos vari\u00e1nsa, ami a b\u00fatorok d\u00edsz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9ben, kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban is megmutatkozott. A mell\u00e9kelt meteorol\u00f3giai k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9k fatokj\u00e1t a szabadkai \u00c1brah\u00e1m Gerg\u0151 restaur\u00e1lta. E m\u00fazeumi t\u00e1rgy az\u00e9rt lett m\u00e1rcius h\u00f3nap t\u00e1rgya, mert minden m\u00e1rcius 23-\u00e1n, a Meteorol\u00f3giai Vil\u00e1gszervezet (WMO) megalakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak napj\u00e1ra eml\u00e9kezve \u00fcnnepelj\u00fck a Meteorol\u00f3giai Vil\u00e1gnapot. S v\u00e9gezet\u00fcl eml\u00edts\u00fck meg bemutatott p\u00e9ld\u00e1nknak m\u00e9lt\u00f3 p\u00e1rhuzam\u00e1t, a palicsi meteorol\u00f3giai oszlopot, amelyet 1870-ben emeltek a benne elhelyezett barom\u00e9terrel \u00e9s h\u0151m\u00e9r\u0151vel a Palicsi-t\u00f3 partj\u00e1n.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Sz\u00f6veg: Ninkov K. Olga, m\u0171v\u00e9szett\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9sz<br>Fot\u00f3: Kolovics Svetalana<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"195\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5_Macskovics-T.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"5145\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5_Macskovics-T.png\" data-link=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/?attachment_id=5145\" class=\"wp-image-5145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5_Macskovics-T.png 195w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5_Macskovics-T-188x300.png 188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6_IMG_20190127_150035-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"5144\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6_IMG_20190127_150035-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/?attachment_id=5144\" class=\"wp-image-5144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6_IMG_20190127_150035-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6_IMG_20190127_150035-375x500.jpg 375w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6_IMG_20190127_150035-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6_IMG_20190127_150035-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6_IMG_20190127_150035-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6_IMG_20190127_150035-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"651\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-651x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"5143\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-scaled.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/?attachment_id=5143\" class=\"wp-image-5143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-651x1024.jpg 651w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-318x500.jpg 318w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-768x1207.jpg 768w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-977x1536.jpg 977w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-1303x2048.jpg 1303w, https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2_-scaled.jpg 1629w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Szabadkai V\u00e1rosi M\u00fazeum m\u0171v\u00e9szeti gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny\u00e9nek r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pez\u0151, h\u0151m\u00e9r\u0151vel ell\u00e1tott barom\u00e9ter a 19. sz\u00e1zad m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9b\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 bels\u0151 berendez\u00e9si t\u00e1rgyak gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny\u00e9be is sorolhat\u00f3. A mell\u00e9kelt, a historizmus st\u00edlus\u00e1t id\u00e9z\u0151 meteorol\u00f3giai m\u0171szer\u00a0 Macskovics Titusz (Szabadka, 1851 \u2013 Szabadka, 1919), a szabadkai \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szet t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00e9nek kiemelked\u0151 k\u00e9pvisel\u0151j\u00e9nek tulajdon\u00e1t k\u00e9pezte. A 62 cm magas, falra akaszthat\u00f3 t\u00e1rgy 2009-ben ker\u00fclt [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5146,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1108],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5142"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5142"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5149,"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5142\/revisions\/5149"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gradskimuzej.subotica.rs\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}